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Izanagi and Izanami: The Divine Couple Who Created Japan and the Underworld
Izanagi and Izanami are the divine couple who, according to the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, created the Japanese archipelago and gave birth to countless deities. This guide explores their myths—from the "Land Creation" to the journey to Yomi (the underworld)—alongside the sacred sites where their spirits are enshrined.
Contents
MOKUJI
Who Are Izanagi and Izanami?
The Islands and Deities They Created
The Underworld and the Purification Ritual
Sacred Sites to Visit
Who Are Izanagi and Izanami?
Izanagi (伊弉諾命) and Izanami (伊弉冉命) are the divine couple credited, in the Kojiki (712 CE) and Nihon Shoki (720 CE), with creating the Japanese archipelago and giving birth to the countless deities of the Shinto pantheon.
They were tasked by the heavenly deities with “making, consolidating, and giving birth to this drifting land.” Using the Jeweled Spear of Heaven (Ame-no-nuboko), they stirred the primordial ocean until drops of brine fell and formed the first island, Onogoro-shima. Descending to this island, they performed the first marriage ceremony and began the act of “land creation” (kuniumi) and “deity creation” (kamiumi).
The Islands and Deities They Created
Created
Name
Modern Location / Deity Role
1st island
Awaji Island
Hyogo Prefecture
2nd island
Shikoku (Iyo-no-futana-shima)
Ehime, Kochi, Tokushima, Kagawa
3rd island
Oki Islands
Shimane Prefecture
4th island
Kyushu (Tsukushi-shima)
All of Kyushu
5th–8th
Iki, Tsushima, Sado, Honshu
Honshu = “Great Yamato Abundant Dragonfly Island”
Fire deity
Kagutsuchi
God of fire — his birth fatally burned Izanami
Sea deity
Owatatsumi
Lord of the seas and Dragon Palace
Wind deity
Shinatsuhiko
God of wind
Mountain deity
Oyamatsumi
God of mountains; father of Konohanasakuya-hime
Three noble children
Amaterasu, Tsukuyomi, Susanoo
Born from Izanagi’s purification ritual
The Underworld and the Purification Ritual
After Izanami died giving birth to the fire deity, Izanagi descended to Yomi (the underworld) to retrieve her. But she had already eaten the food of Yomi and could not return. When Izanagi broke his promise and looked upon her decayed form, he fled in horror. At Yomotsuhirasaka—the slope marking the boundary between the living and the dead—he sealed the entrance with a great boulder.
The exchange that followed encapsulates a profound Shinto philosophy of life and death: Izanami vowed to kill a thousand people daily; Izanagi countered that he would establish fifteen hundred birthing houses each day. Life perpetually overcomes death.
Back in the world of the living, Izanagi performed a purification ritual (misogi harai) in a river. As he washed his left eye, Amaterasu (the Sun Goddess) was born; from his right eye came Tsukuyomi (the Moon God); and from his nose emerged Susanoo (the Storm God). These three—the “Three Noble Children” (Mihashira no Uzu no Miko)—went on to govern the heavens, the night, and the seas.
This purification ritual is the mythological origin of the hand-washing (temizu) performed at every shrine entrance today.
Sacred Sites to Visit
Izanagi Jingu (Awaji City) — Awaji Island’s ichinomiya, said to be where Izanagi retired after land creation
Taga Taisha (Shiga) — Enshrines both deities; beloved for longevity and matchmaking
Taga Taisha Ibigawa (Gifu) — Branch shrine of Taga Taisha
Hitachi Izanagi Shrine (Ibaraki) — Ancient shrine listed in the Engishiki
Izanami Shrine — Dedicated to Izanami as principal deity
Last updated: May 25, 2026
Izanagi Jingu (Awaji City) — The ichinomiya shrine of Awaji Island, said to be where Izanagi performed the purification ritual
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
Taga Taisha (Shiga) — Enshrining both Izanagi and Izanami, revered as deities of longevity and matchmaking
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
Izanagi and Izanami stirring the sea with the Jeweled Spear of Heaven — a scene from the Land Creation myth
Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
Yomotsuhirasaka (Shimane) — The legendary boundary between the living world and Yomi, where Izanagi sealed the underworld
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
Awaji Island — Recorded in the Kojiki as the first island created, the sacred heartland of the Izanagi-Izanami myth
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
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