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Hojo Tokimasa: First Regent of Kamakura — Life and Pilgrimage Guide
Hojo Tokimasa supported the Kamakura shogunate's founding by giving his daughter Masako to Yoritomo, and became its first regent in 1203. After power struggles including the Hiki clan's destruction and Hatakeyama Shigetada's fall, he was ousted and retired to Izu. A detailed guide to associated sites in Izu and Kamakura.
Contents
MOKUJI
The Life of Hojo Tokimasa — The Man Who Made the Shogunate Possible
Power Struggles and Downfall — The "Maki-no-Kata Conspiracy"
Ganjoujuin in Izu — National Treasure Unkei Sculptures Tokimasa Commissioned
Tokimasa-Related Sites in Kamakura — Key Sites and Pilgrimage Route
Frequently Asked Questions
Without Hojo Tokimasa, the Kamakura shogunate would not have existed — by giving his daughter Masako to Minamoto no Yoritomo, he backed the shogunate’s founding, and as its first regent he built the institutional foundations of warrior government. Yet his obsession with power ultimately brought about his own downfall. Kamakura’s Tsurugaoka Hachimangu and Jufukuji, and the Unkei Buddha statues at Ganjoujuin in Izu, preserve the footprints of his life.
Portrait of Minamoto no Yoritomo at Jingoji, attributed to Fujiwara no Takanobu — Tokimasa's son-in-law and founder of the Kamakura shogunate
Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain / Fujiwara no Takanobu (attributed)
The Life of Hojo Tokimasa — The Man Who Made the Shogunate Possible
Hojo Tokimasa was born around 1148 in Izu Province (present-day Shizuoka) as a provincial warrior-lord with local influence extending through the Kanto region.
Why Did Tokimasa Allow Masako to Marry Yoritomo?
Around 1177, Tokimasa discovered that Masako had formed a secret relationship with the exiled Yoritomo, who was being watched under his custody. He reportedly opposed the match initially, but when Yoritomo resolved to raise arms against the Taira in 1180, Tokimasa gave his full support — both as a political calculation and as a father-in-law.
From the Shogunate’s Founding to the First Regency
Tokimasa supported the shogunate’s founding as Yoritomo’s close aide, and contributed to the destruction of the Taira at Dan-no-Ura in 1185. After Yoritomo’s death (1199), he shared power with his son Yoshitoki. In 1203 he deposed the second shogun Yoriie and destroyed the Hiki clan, installed the third shogun Sanetomo, and became the first regent (shikken) the same year.
Event
Year
Significance
Masako-Yoritomo marriage
c. 1177
Watchman becomes father-in-law
Joins shogunate founding
1180–
Full military support for Yoritomo
Hiki clan incident
1203
Destroys Hiki clan; deposes 2nd shogun
Becomes first regent
1203
Acts as guardian of 3rd shogun Sanetomo
Ousted; retires to Izu
1205
The “Maki-no-kata conspiracy”
Tokimasa’s death
1215
Dies in Izu at approximately 68
Hirugakojima, Izunokuni City — the island in Izu where Yoritomo lived in exile and first encountered Tokimasa
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
Power Struggles and Downfall — The “Maki-no-Kata Conspiracy”
Tokimasa’s late years were defined by his relationship with his second wife, Maki-no-kata.
What Was the “Maki-no-Kata Conspiracy”?
In 1205, word spread through the shogunate that Tokimasa and Maki-no-kata were planning to depose the third shogun Sanetomo and install Maki-no-kata’s son-in-law, Hiraga Tomomasa, as shogun. Yoshitoki and Masako learned of this and moved to protect Sanetomo. They surrounded Tokimasa’s residence with troops and forced him to take Buddhist vows and retire to Izu. The shogunate’s supreme power-holder had been removed from office by his own children.
What Did Tokimasa’s Downfall Signify?
Tokimasa’s removal marked the shift of the shogunate’s decision-making from “Hojo Tokimasa as individual” to “the Hojo clan’s consultative body.” Yoshitoki would grip power even more firmly than his father, and shogunate politics moved into the era of Yoshitoki and Yasutoki.
Wooden seated statue of Minamoto no Yoritomo at Kai Zenkoji
Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
Ganjoujuin in Izu — National Treasure Unkei Sculptures Tokimasa Commissioned
Among all sites associated with Hojo Tokimasa, Ganjoujuin in Izu has a special importance.
What Kind of Temple Is Ganjoujuin?
Ganjoujuin (Izu-no-Kuni, Shizuoka) was founded in 1189 by Tokimasa as a prayer for the success of Yoritomo’s Oshu campaign. The precinct contains five National Treasure Buddha statues attributed to sculptor Unkei — one Amida Nyorai seated figure and four others (two Bishamonten standing figures, two Fudō Myō-ō seated figures) — of extraordinary importance in Japanese art history as early Unkei masterworks.
What Are the Artistic Characteristics of Unkei’s Statues?
Unkei (c. 1148–1223) is the representative sculptor of the Kamakura period, characterized by realistic and dynamic expression — the ripple of muscles, life-filled eyes. This reflected the aesthetics of the warrior age. The Bishamonten standing figures at Ganjoujuin, with their precisely rendered armor, are counted among Unkei’s representative works alongside the Nio (guardian kings) at Tōdaiji’s Nandaimon gate.
Shuzenji — Where Tokimasa Spent His Final Years in Forced Retirement
Shuzenji (Izu City, Shizuoka) is historically known as the place where the second shogun Yoriie was confined and killed. Yoriie — deposed at Tokimasa’s instigation — was murdered here in 1204; his tomb survives in the Shuzenji temple precinct. Tokimasa himself spent his final years in Izu and died in 1215.
Main hall of Ganjojuin in Izunokuni City, Shizuoka — the temple founded by Hojo Tokimasa, housing five National Treasure sculptures by Unkei
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0
Tokimasa-Related Sites in Kamakura — Key Sites and Pilgrimage Route
A guide to Kamakura’s historic sites connected to Hojo Tokimasa and a suggested visiting route.
Tsurugaoka Hachimangu, Jufukuji, Hokkedō Ruins, and Eishoji
Tsurugaoka Hachimangu was the shrine Tokimasa venerated as the shogunate’s tutelary deity — the Hiki clan incident of 1203 (where Hiki Yoshikazu was invited to the shrine and killed) unfolded there. Jufukuji was founded by Masako; Masako’s tomb and Sanetomo’s tomb are within its grounds. The Hokkedō ruins evoke Tokimasa’s contribution to the shogunate’s founding. Eishoji is Kamakura’s only convent.
Site
Notes
Admission
Tsurugaoka Hachimangu
Site of Hiki clan incident
Free
Jufukuji
Masako’s tomb; Gozan Rank 3
Free
Masako’s tomb (yagura)
Masako and Sanetomo tombs
Free
Yoritomo’s tomb
Tomb of the founding shogun
Free
Hokkedō ruins
Yoritomo/Yoshitoki memorial hall site
Free
Eishoji
Kamakura’s only convent
¥200
Anyoin
Temple named for Masako’s Buddhist name
¥200
One-Day Kamakura Route
Kamakura Station → Tsurugaoka HachimanguYoritomo’s tombHokkedō ruinsAnyoinEishojiJufukuji (Masako’s tomb). Allow 3–4 hours.
Wooden statue of Hojo Masako at Anyoin — Tokimasa's daughter and the powerful "Nun Shogun" who governed behind the scenes
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0
Frequently Asked Questions
Why Was Hojo Tokimasa Ousted from Power?
In 1205, information spread that Tokimasa and his second wife Maki-no-kata were planning to depose the third shogun Sanetomo and install Maki-no-kata’s son-in-law Hiraga Tomomasa as shogun — the so-called “Maki-no-kata conspiracy.” Yoshitoki and Masako protected Sanetomo, surrounded Tokimasa’s residence, and forced him to take Buddhist vows and retire to Izu.
Where Can Ganjoujuin’s Unkei Sculptures Be Seen?
Ganjoujuin (Izu-no-Kuni, Shizuoka) holds five National Treasure Unkei-attributed statues on site; the viewing is organized in sessions (check times in advance), and an adjacent exhibition hall offers detailed commentary. It is a rare place where you can experience both Tokimasa’s founding contribution to the shogunate and Unkei’s sculptural art.
What Kind of Place Is Shuzenji?
Shuzenji (Izu City, Shizuoka) is an ancient Tendai temple traditionally said to have been founded by Kūkai (Kōbō Daishi). It is historically known as the place where second shogun Yoriie was confined and murdered; Yoriie’s tomb stands within the precinct. The surrounding area is a famous hot-spring resort town in Izu. When visiting Izu for a full day, the combination of Shuzenji Temple and Ganjoujuin makes a natural and historically coherent route.
What Was the Relationship Between Tokimasa and Yoritomo?
Tokimasa initially held Yoritomo in custody as a custodian for the Taira-aligned authorities, but after Masako and Yoritomo’s relationship and marriage, he became Yoritomo’s father-in-law and switched to full support. He aided the 1180 uprising militarily and politically and helped build the shogunate. After Yoritomo’s death, he and Yoshitoki gradually consolidated power until Tokimasa himself reached the regent’s position.
What Is the Connection Between Tsurugaoka Hachimangu and Tokimasa?
Tsurugaoka Hachimangu was the tutelary deity shrine most deeply venerated by the shogunate from its founding days. The Hiki clan incident of 1203 — where Hiki Yoshikazu was invited to the shrine compound and killed — was a critical turning point in Tokimasa’s seizure of power and took place within the shrine’s sphere.
Main shrine building of Tsurugaoka Hachimangu in Kamakura — the guardian shrine of the Kamakura shogunate reorganized by Yoritomo with Tokimasa's support
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0 / photo by Peter Buchmann
Last updated: April 25, 2026
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