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Hojo Masako: The Nun Shogun's Life and Kamakura Pilgrimage Sites
Hojo Masako (1157–1225) co-founded the Kamakura shogunate as Minamoto no Yoritomo's wife and led it to victory in the Jokyu War as the Nun Shogun. A comprehensive guide to Masako-related sites in Kamakura — Jufukuji, Anyoin, Tsurugaoka Hachimangu, and Eishoji — with efficient visiting routes.
Contents
MOKUJI
The Life of Hojo Masako — From Wife of the Shogun to Nun Shogun
Six Masako-Related Sites in Kamakura — What to Visit
One-Day Pilgrimage Route for Masako's Kamakura Sites
Frequently Asked Questions
Hojo Masako is one of the most consequential political figures in Japanese history — a woman who co-founded the Kamakura shogunate and saved it in its greatest crisis. Her speech rallying the samurai retainers against the retired emperor’s forces during the Jokyu War of 1221 is among the most famous addresses in Japanese history. From Tsurugaoka Hachimangu to Jufukuji, Kamakura preserves her footprints in stone and silence.
Portrait of Hojo Masako, the "Nun Shogun" who guided the Kamakura shogunate
Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
The Life of Hojo Masako — From Wife of the Shogun to Nun Shogun
Hojo Masako was born in 1157 as the eldest daughter of Hojo Tokimasa, a provincial warrior-lord of Izu Province (present-day Shizuoka). In her twenties she met the exiled Minamoto no Yoritomo, already in his thirties, and defied her father’s authority to be with him.
Why Was Masako Called the “Nun Shogun”?
When Yoritomo raised his forces against the Taira in 1180, Masako followed him to Kamakura and supported the shogunate’s founding. After Yoritomo’s sudden death in 1199, she acted as regent behind the second and third shoguns — her own sons Yoriie and Sanetomo. When Sanetomo was assassinated in 1219 and the Minamoto line died out, Masako, now a Buddhist nun, held effective power. The nickname Ama Shogun (Nun Shogun) was born from this.
What Did Masako Say That Saved the Shogunate?
In 1221, retired Emperor Go-Toba issued an edict ordering the overthrow of Hojo Yoshitoki, and many samurai retainers wavered. Masako addressed the assembled warriors: “The grace of Lord Yoritomo, who pacified the realm and established this government, is higher than any mountain and deeper than any ocean.” This speech restored the retainers’ unity and the shogunate won a decisive victory in the Jokyu War.
Event
Year
Masako’s Role
Marriage to Yoritomo
c. 1177
Defied father’s opposition
Shogunate founding
1185–
Supported Yoritomo as wife and partner
Regency after Yoritomo
1199–
Held effective power behind 2nd and 3rd shoguns
Jokyu War speech
1221
Rallied retainers; shogunate won decisively
Death
1225
Died in Kamakura at age 69
Portrait traditionally identified as Minamoto no Yoritomo, founder of the Kamakura shogunate and husband of Hojo Masako
Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
Six Masako-Related Sites in Kamakura — What to Visit
Masako-related historic sites are distributed from Kita-Kamakura to central Kamakura. Here is a practical guide to each.
Jufukuji — The Zen Temple Masako Founded, Where Her Tomb Stands
Jufukuji (Ogigayatsu, Kamakura) was founded by Masako after Yoritomo’s death, with the Rinzai monk Eisai as its first abbot. It ranks third among the Five Zen Temples of Kamakura (Kamakura Gozan). Masako’s tomb and Sanetomo’s tomb (rock-cut yagura chambers) lie side by side in the quiet precinct.
What Kind of Place Is Masako’s Tomb?
Masako’s tomb (yagura) is a horizontal rock-cut chamber cut into the hillside at the rear of Jufukuji’s precinct. “Yagura” are a burial form unique to medieval Kamakura, and this site, carpeted in moss and holding a small stone pagoda, is one of the most evocative spots in the city.
Anyoin — The Temple Named for Masako’s Buddhist Name
Anyoin (Ohmachi, Kamakura) is the successor to Chōraku-ji, which Masako founded to pray for Yoritomo’s spirit; its temple name derives from Masako’s posthumous Buddhist name “Anyoin.” The precinct is famous for its azaleas, which peak in late April to early May.
The main gate of Tsurugaoka Hachimangu, guardian shrine of the Kamakura shogunate closely associated with Hojo Masako
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0 / photo by Fg2
Tsurugaoka Hachimangu — The Principal Shrine That Masako Deeply Venerated
Tsurugaoka Hachimangu (Yukinoshita, Kamakura) has been the chief protector shrine of the Kamakura shogunate since Yoritomo enshrined it in its current location. Masako visited frequently; the Jokyu War speech is traditionally said to have been delivered here. The famous ginkgo tree stump (successor tree planted nearby) beside which Sanetomo was assassinated is also here.
Eishoji — Kamakura’s Only Convent
Eishoji (Ogigayatsu, Kamakura) is the only convent in Kamakura, built on the site of a mansion associated with the Ota clan (descendants of Ota Dokan). Though not founded by Masako, it is inseparable from the story of women and the Kamakura shogunate. Iris flowers in spring, a bamboo grove year-round.
Yoritomo’s Tomb — Where Masako Continued to Pray for Her Husband
Yoritomo’s tomb (Nishimido, Kamakura) is a small stone pagoda within the precincts of Shirahata Shrine, where Masako is said to have continued prayers for his spirit. Within walking distance of Tsurugaoka Hachimangu.
Stone stele at Jufukuji in Kamakura, the Zen temple founded by Hojo Masako in 1200, where her memorial stupa stands
Wikimedia Commons / CC0 1.0 / photo by Daderot
One-Day Pilgrimage Route for Masako’s Kamakura Sites
A practical route for visiting Masako-related sites efficiently.
Recommended Route (Kita-Kamakura to Central Kamakura)
Kita-Kamakura Start (Recommended): Alight at JR Kita-Kamakura Station → Jufukuji (Masako and Sanetomo tombs) → Eishoji (convent atmosphere) → Tsurugaoka Hachimangu (site of Jokyu War speech) → Yoritomo’s tombAnyoin (temple named for Masako). Allow 3–4 hours.
Quick Comparison of the Six Sites
Site
Connection to Masako
Entry Fee
Time Needed
Jufukuji
Founded by Masako; her tomb here
Free
30–40 min
Masako’s tomb (yagura)
Masako’s burial place
Free
10–15 min
Anyoin
Named for Masako’s Buddhist name
¥200
20–30 min
Tsurugaoka Hachimangu
Masako’s devoted shrine
Free
30–60 min
Yoritomo’s tomb
Husband’s tomb, Masako prayed here
Free
10–15 min
Eishoji
Kamakura’s only convent
¥200
20–30 min
Visit Tips
The yagura area at Jufukuji is at the far end of the precinct; walk straight along the main approach
Tsurugaoka Hachimangu is least crowded early morning (8–9 a.m.)
Anyoin azaleas peak late April–early May
Eishoji’s irises bloom in April; the bamboo grove is beautiful year-round
Hojo Masako's hokyointo (stone memorial stupa) at Anyoin temple in Kamakura, a designated cultural property
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
Frequently Asked Questions
Why Is Hojo Masako Called the “Nun Shogun”?
After the assassination of the third shogun Sanetomo in 1219 ended the Minamoto line, Masako — already a Buddhist nun after taking vows earlier — continued to hold effective political power. She never held the shogunal title; rather, she served as the behind-the-scenes authority backing the fourth shogun (Fujiwara Yoritsune). The nickname “Ama Shogun” (Nun Shogun) captures this unusual combination of Buddhist nun and political ruler.
What Were the Key Points of Masako’s Jokyu War Speech?
In 1221, when retired Emperor Go-Toba issued an edict demanding the overthrow of Hojo Yoshitoki and many samurai wavered, Masako addressed the retainers. The core message: “The grace that Lord Yoritomo bestowed upon you — pacifying the realm and giving you your fiefs — is higher than any mountain, deeper than any ocean. Repay that grace now and defend the shogunate against the court.” This speech restored the retainers’ unity and led to the shogunate’s overwhelming victory.
Is Jufukuji Open to Visitors?
Jufukuji’s precinct (the approach, main gate, and grounds including the yagura area) is open to visitors free of charge. The main hall interior is not open to the public. It is a tranquil and easily overlooked gem — rarely crowded even during Kamakura’s peak seasons.
Where Exactly Is Masako’s Tomb?
Masako’s tomb is in the yagura (rock-cut burial chamber) area at the rear of Jufukuji’s precinct, at the base of the hillside. It is a five-ring stone pagoda set within a horizontal rock chamber, positioned next to what is believed to be Sanetomo’s yagura.
What Is the Highlight of Anyoin?
Anyoin’s azaleas — blooming in a richly mixed palette of varieties — are among the finest in Kamakura, peaking late April to early May. The precinct is small, but it takes the temple name directly from Masako’s Buddhist posthumous name, and a stone pagoda associated with her remains. Entry ¥200.
The entry gate of Jufukuji temple in Kamakura, founded by Hojo Masako with Zen master Eisai as its first abbot
Wikimedia Commons / CC0 1.0 / photo by Daderot
Last updated: April 25, 2026
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