Late 15th-century culture centered on the 8th shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa's Higashiyama villa (including the Silver Pavilion). Amid post-Ōnin War turmoil, it established uniquely Japanese aesthetics of simplicity, yūgen, wabi, and Zen. The Silver Pavilion (1489) and Tōgu-dō Dōjinsai room model the shoin-zukuri style that became the template for modern Japanese residences—with tatami, shōji, alcove (tokonoma), staggered shelves, and built-in desk. Dry landscape gardens (Ryōan-ji, Daisen-in), Sesshū's ink landscapes, Murata Jukō's wabi tea origins, Ikenobō flower arrangement, and renga poetry form the backbone of later Japanese culture.