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ETIQUETTE
How to Whisk Matcha: A Complete Guide to Usucha and Koicha Technique
Usucha is whisked; koicha is kneaded — two completely different techniques from the same powder. From the motion of the chasen to the ritual of rotating the bowl and drinking in three-and-a-half sips, with recommended temples including Kenninji and Daitokuji.
Contents
MOKUJI
The Fundamental Difference Between Usucha and Koicha
How to Whisk Usucha — The Art of the Froth
How to Knead Koicha — The Art of the Paste
Receiving Matcha — The Etiquette of Drinking
Where to Experience Matcha — Related Spots
Frequently Asked Questions
Matcha comes in two fundamentally different forms: usucha (薄茶, thin tea) and koicha (濃茶, thick tea). Both use the same ground tea powder, but the quantity, water volume, and whisking technique are entirely different. Understanding that difference transforms a simple bowl of matcha into a much richer experience.
Usucha (thin tea) with a fine, even layer of foam produced by 30–40 back-and-forth strokes of the chasen. If the froth holds when the bowl is tilted, the tea is properly made.
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 2.0 / photo by rumpleteaser
The Fundamental Difference Between Usucha and Koicha
Item
Usucha (thin tea)
Koicha (thick tea)
Matcha quantity
~1.5–2 g (1.5–2 chashaku scoops)
~3–4 g (3–4 chashaku scoops)
Water volume
~70–80 ml
~40–50 ml
Technique
Whisk to a froth (back-and-forth)
Knead slowly, no foam
Result
Bowl covered in fine, even bubbles
Lustrous deep-green paste
Serving
One bowl per person; drink in three-and-a-half sips
Passed around among guests
How to Whisk Usucha — The Art of the Froth
The beauty of usucha lies in its fine, even froth. Following the steps carefully makes a beautiful bowl accessible to anyone.
Preparation: Warming the Bowl and Chasen
Fill the bowl with hot water and gently move the chasen (茶筅, bamboo whisk) through the water to moisten the tines — this step, called chasen-doshi (茶筅通し), prevents the fine tines from splitting and improves the froth. Empty the water and wipe the inside gently with the chakin (茶巾, tea cloth). A warm bowl receives the matcha better.
Quantities of Matcha and Water
Scoop 1.5–2 chashaku (茶杓, bamboo tea scoop) portions of matcha (approximately 1.5–2 g) into the bowl. The ideal water temperature is 70–80°C (pour boiling water into a cooling vessel for a minute or transfer to the bowl first). Water volume: approximately 70–80 ml, adjusted to the bowl size.
Whisking: The M- and W-Shape Motion
Once the water is in, move the chasen rapidly back and forth. Use your wrist to trace an M or W shape — brisk, rhythmic back-and-forth strokes, not circular stirring. After 30–40 strokes, fine bubbles will cover the surface evenly. When lifting the chasen at the end, draw a small “の” shape toward the centre — this smooths and rounds the froth.
A chasen (bamboo whisk) for preparing koicha. The tines are thicker and more numerous than those of a usucha whisk, suited for kneading rather than whisking — no foam, just a smooth, glossy paste.
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 2.0 / photo by T.Tseng
How to Knead Koicha — The Art of the Paste
With koicha, no froth is the goal. Three times the amount of matcha is worked with a small volume of water into a smooth, glossy paste.
Quantities of Matcha and Water
Scoop 3–4 chashaku portions (approximately 3–4 g) of matcha into the bowl. Water is minimal — approximately 40–50 ml, less than half the volume used for usucha. Target the same 70–80°C temperature.
The Kneading Motion: Slow and Wide
Move the chasen in large, slow arcs — side to side and back and forth in turn — working the powder into the water as if plastering a wall. Initially the mixture will be lumpy; keep working steadily and it will gradually become a smooth, paste-like consistency with no foam and a lustrous, uniform deep-green surface. This takes approximately one to two minutes.
The Mawashi-nomi (Passing Bowl) Ritual
Koicha is shared among guests in a single bowl. Before passing to the next guest, rotate the bowl twice to the right so that your lips did not touch the rim they will drink from — a gesture of consideration and respect for the bowl’s facing.
Receiving Matcha — The Etiquette of Drinking
The Rule of Saki-gashi (Sweet Before Tea)
When the host signals with “Please take a sweet,” eat the wagashi first. The sweetness of the confection envelops the bitterness of the tea that follows. Take the tea bowl only after finishing the sweet completely.
Why the Bowl Is Rotated
Every tea bowl has a “front” (shomen) — its most beautiful face. Placing your lips against this front is considered as damaging or soiling it. Rotate the bowl clockwise twice (approximately 90 degrees) before drinking. After drinking, reverse the rotation and return the front toward the host.
Three-and-a-Half Sips (Sankuchi-han)
Usucha is traditionally drunk in sankuchi-han (三口半) — three full sips consuming most of the tea, plus a final half-sip that audibly draws the last drops from the bowl. This final pull, called suikiri (吸い切り), communicates to the host that you appreciated every drop.
A bowl of prepared matcha ready to be received. The deep, even green of the tea against the glaze of the chawan is itself an object of appreciation — the guest pauses to admire the color before drinking.
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0 / photo by Matchalover99
Where to Experience Matcha — Related Spots
Spot
Matcha Experience
Kenninji
On-site thin-tea experience; annual Yotsugashira tea ceremony (around 20 April)
Kinkakuji
Sekkatei tea house in the garden; matcha available at the on-site tea counter
Ginkakuji
Birthplace of Higashiyama tea culture; matcha available on the grounds
Byodoin
Uji, the heartland of premium matcha; major tea houses line the approach
Daitokuji
Deepest association with Sen no Rikyu; sub-temples offer occasional tea experiences
Pilgrimage Points to Remember
Eat the wagashi before picking up the tea bowl (saki-gashi rule)
Rotate the tea bowl twice clockwise before drinking
Drink in three-and-a-half sips; draw the last drop with the suikiri
Return the bowl with the front (shomen) facing the host
Suggested Pilgrimage Circuit: Uji — The Source of Matcha
Byodoin in Uji sits at the heart of Japan’s matcha country. The approach avenue is lined with established tea houses offering experiences from basic usucha to formal koicha. Stamp Kenninji (Eisai’s temple) and Daitokuji (Rikyu’s temple) along the way to trace the full lineage in a single day.
A nodate (outdoor tea ceremony) at Hamarikyu Gardens, Tokyo. The host in kimono prepares a bowl in the open air. Whether indoors or out, the etiquette of rotating the bowl and drinking in three-and-a-half sips remains constant.
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0 / photo by Ermell
Frequently Asked Questions
Which is more formal — usucha or koicha?
Koicha carries the higher formality in chado. In a full formal tea gathering (chaji), thick tea is the centrepiece and thin tea follows. Most temple teicha and beginner experiences offer usucha — it is the accessible entry point.
Where can I buy a chasen (bamboo whisk)?
Nara’s Takayama region is the traditional chasen-producing area, accounting for over 90% of national output. Tea-utensil shops in Tokyo and Osaka stock them widely. Prices range from about ¥1,000 to ¥3,000. When the tines split or break, the traditional practice is to bring the old chasen to a chasen memorial service (chasen kuyo) at a temple.
What is the minimum equipment to make usucha at home?
A matcha bowl, chasen, chashaku, and matcha powder are sufficient. A standard matcha bowl (deep and rounded) works fine; an inexpensive chasen is functionally adequate. Buy pure matcha (100% tencha, ground to powder) in a sealed tin.
What is the ideal water temperature for matcha?
70–80°C is the target. Too hot increases astringency and sharpens bitterness. Pour boiling water into a yuzamashi (cooling vessel) for one to two minutes, or pour it briefly into the bowl to warm it first, then discard before adding the matcha.
Is it too late to start learning chado?
Chado is a lifelong pursuit with no age limit. Most schools offer beginner adult classes. Starting with a teicha experience at a shrine or temple — seeing and tasting before committing to formal study — is a common and effective first step.
最終更新: 2026年4月25日
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