On August 21, 1862, in Namamugi village of Tachibana District, Musashi Province (present-day Namamugi, Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama), four British subjects were cut down by Satsuma retainers after disrupting the procession of Shimazu Hisamitsu — one of the defining international incidents of the bakumatsu "expel the barbarians" movement. Hisamitsu's procession, escorting the imperial envoy Ōhara Shigetomi from Edo to Kyoto, encountered the British merchant Charles Lennox Richardson and three companions out for a ride from the Yokohama foreign settlement. Unaware of Japanese custom, they attempted to ride through the procession. Satsuma retainers led by Narahara Kizaemon struck them down as an affront; Richardson was killed and two others gravely wounded (the woman among them was unharmed). Outraged Britain demanded 100,000 pounds from the shogunate and 25,000 pounds plus the surrender of the culprits from Satsuma. The shogunate paid, but Satsuma refused, leading to the Anglo-Satsuma War (bombardment of Kagoshima) in July 1863. Shaken by the modern firepower of the Royal Navy, Satsuma reversed its stance from expulsion to opening the country and building up modern military and industrial strength — a reversal that would ultimately drive the Meiji Restoration.