Tokugawa Iemochi
Tokugawa Iemochi
The Sweet-Toothed Young Shogun
1846-1866 · 享年 20歳
N O T Y E T M E T
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Three Surprising Facts
30 Cavities Out of 31 Teeth — The Price of a Sweet Tooth
When Iemochi's remains were examined, 30 out of his 31 remaining teeth were found to be decayed. Iemochi was a notorious sweet lover who enjoyed yokan, rock sugar, konpeito, castella, and monaka—all heavily sugared confections. In his era, toothbrushes did not exist; people cleaned their teeth with fusa-yoji (wooden stick brushes), making it nearly impossible to prevent decay. He is also believed to have had naturally thin tooth enamel. These severe cavities likely caused chronic pain and malnutrition, and combined with beriberi, may have contributed to his early death at just 21 years old.
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Full Biography
From birth to death
Born in 1846 as the eldest son of Tokugawa Nariyori, lord of Kishu. Backed by the Nanki faction in the succession crisis, he became the 14th shogun in 1858 at age 13. In 1862, as part of the kobu-gattai (court-shogunate unity) policy, he married Princess Kazunomiya, Emperor Komei's younger sister. During the turbulent Bakumatsu, he agonized between the expulsion and opening factions. In 1866, he entered Osaka Castle to command the Second Choshu Expedition but fell ill with beriberi and died on July 20 at age 21. Examination of his remains revealed 30 cavities out of 31 teeth, confirming his legendary sweet tooth.
Personality
Gentle, sincere, and well-liked. Even the sharp-tongued Katsu Kaishu reportedly admired Iemochi deeply. His political marriage to Kazunomiya developed into genuine mutual affection.
Historical Significance
A tragic young shogun who bore the burden of the Bakumatsu at 21 and fell before fulfilling his potential. Katsu Kaishu praised him as 'the finest person among all Tokugawa shoguns.' Kazunomiya continued to cherish his memory and worked for the Tokugawa family's survival after the Meiji Restoration.
Family Tree
Self
Tokugawa Iemochi
1846-1866
Wife
1846-1877
Princess Kazunomiya
Emperor Komei's sister. Married into the shogunate as a symbol of court-shogunate unity.
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