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PERSON
Francis Xavier
Francis Xavier
Apostle Who Brought Christianity to Japan
1506-1552 · 享年 46歳
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生涯
Born in 1506 at Xavier Castle in the Kingdom of Navarre, Spain. He met Ignatius of Loyola at the University of Paris and in 1534 became a co-founder of the Society of Jesus. After missionary work in Goa, India, he was inspired by a Japanese man named Anjiro (Yajiro) he met in Malacca to journey to Japan. On August 15, 1549, he landed at Kagoshima, becoming the first missionary to bring Christianity to Japan. In Kagoshima, he met Shimazu Takahisa, the daimyo of Satsuma, and gained permission to preach, but was later expelled due to opposition from Buddhist monks. He then traveled through Hirado, Yamaguchi, and Bungo (Oita), vigorously spreading the faith. In Yamaguchi he received the protection of Ouchi Yoshitaka, and by presenting Western gifts such as clocks and spectacles, he won about 500 converts. In Bungo he met Otomo Sorin, establishing a relationship with what would become one of Japan's foremost Christian daimyo families. Although his stay in Japan lasted only two years and three months, he baptized approximately 1,000 Japanese and founded churches in Kagoshima, Yamaguchi, and Bungo. He left Japan in 1551, aiming to evangelize China, but died of illness on Shangchuan Island off Canton in 1552, aged 46. Posthumously canonized in 1622, he was declared patron saint of Eastern missions. Xavier's arrival marked a civilizational turning point in Japanese history, bringing transformative change alongside the introduction of firearms and Nanban culture.
Personality
A passionate missionary with deep respect for other cultures and an indomitable evangelical spirit. He wrote that the Japanese were "the best people yet discovered" among all the nations he had encountered, showing a remarkable openness to other cultures free from prejudice. His unyielding determination in the face of hardship was extraordinary.
Historical Significance
Xavier's arrival marked the beginning of Christianity in Japan and played a major role in introducing Nanban trade and culture. Memorials to his legacy remain throughout Japan, including the Xavier Church in Kagoshima. He was canonized in 1622 and declared patron saint of the East.
Famous Anecdotes
Landing at Kagoshima and Meeting Shimazu Takahisa
On August 15, 1549, Xavier landed at Kagoshima, guided by Anjiro (Yajiro), who was returning to his hometown. He first preached Christianity to Anjiro's relatives and succeeded in converting them. He then gained an audience with Shimazu Takahisa, daimyo of Satsuma, who was interested in trade profits from Portuguese ships and granted permission to preach. However, opposition from Buddhist monks — especially Shingon priests who denounced Christianity as a "foreign heresy" — grew fierce, and after about a year Xavier was expelled from Kagoshima. In that short time, he had baptized about 100 people, creating Japan's first Christian community.
Success at Yamaguchi — Preaching Under Ouchi Yoshitaka's Protection
After being expelled from Kagoshima, Xavier traveled through Hirado to Yamaguchi. Initially he preached in humble attire with little success. He then changed his approach and presented Ouchi Yoshitaka with letters from the Viceroy of India and gifts from the King of Portugal — Western curiosities including a mechanical clock, glassware, and spectacles. Impressed, Yoshitaka provided the old Daidoji temple as a base for missionary work. Xavier held daily two-hour public debates, eagerly engaging Buddhist monks in theological argument. Preaching Christian doctrines such as God's creation and the immortality of the soul, he baptized more than 500 people in roughly two months. Yamaguchi became Xavier's greatest missionary success in Japan.
"The Best People Yet Discovered" — Xavier's Assessment of the Japanese
In his letters to the Jesuit headquarters in Goa, Xavier wrote: "The people of this country are the best yet discovered, and it seems to me that among unbelievers no people can be found to excel them." He was deeply impressed by the Japanese people's courtesy, sense of honor, intellectual curiosity, and cleanliness. At the same time, he sharply criticized Buddhist monks for the sin of sodomy, generating fierce conflict with the clergy. Xavier's letters were widely read in Europe and had a decisive influence on shaping the Western image of Japan. These letters can be considered the very origin of Western commentary on Japanese culture.
Quotes
「The Japanese are the best people yet discovered. Among pagans, no nation is their equal.」
「For the salvation of the souls of this nation, I will endure any hardship.」
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